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- Imaging
- • CT and MRI scans of the pelvis to assess local invasion and whether the iliac and groin (inguinal) lymph
- nodes are involved (30 percent have inguinal metastases and 10 percent have liver metastases at the time of
- diagnosis).
- • Rectal ultrasound may help assess local cancer and lymph node invasion.
- • Pelvic and abdominal ultrasound.
- • Abdominal CT scan if the liver is enlarged or if liver function tests are abnormal.
- • Chest x-ray.
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- Endoscopy and Biopsy
- • Anoscopy/proctosigmoidoscopy under local or general anesthesia if necessary.